Top 10 Biggest Cities in Morocco by Population
Morocco, located in North Africa, is a country rich in history, culture, and architectural marvels. Known for its stunning landscapes, from the Atlas Mountains to the Sahara Desert, and vibrant cities, Morocco is a blend of ancient and modern influences. The urban centers of Morocco are dynamic hubs of culture, commerce, and tradition, each offering a unique glimpse into the country’s history and way of life. From the bustling streets of Casablanca to the historical medinas of Fes and Marrakesh, Morocco’s cities attract both locals and visitors with their diverse offerings. These cities play an essential role in Morocco’s economy, tourism industry, and cultural heritage.
Here are the top 10 cities in Morocco by population.
1. Casablanca
Overview
Casablanca, Morocco’s largest city, is home to over 3.5 million residents. Situated on the Atlantic coast, it serves as the country’s economic and business center, boasting Morocco’s largest port and a cosmopolitan atmosphere that blends tradition with modernity.
Historical Significance
Originally a small Berber settlement, Casablanca rose to prominence in the early 20th century when it was developed under French colonial rule. Today, the city’s Art Deco architecture and historical sites, such as the Hassan II Mosque, illustrate its unique blend of Moroccan and French influences.
Economic Powerhouse
As Morocco’s economic capital, Casablanca is the center of finance, trade, and industry. It hosts the headquarters of major Moroccan and international companies, making it a significant player in the nation’s economy. The port, one of the largest in Africa, facilitates trade with Europe, North America, and beyond.
2. Fez
Overview
Fez, with a population of approximately 1.1 million, is Morocco’s second-largest city and one of the oldest in the country. Known as Morocco’s cultural and spiritual capital, Fez is home to the world’s oldest university, the University of Al Quaraouiyine, and boasts a rich heritage.
Historical Legacy
Founded in the 9th century, Fez is renowned for its well-preserved medieval architecture and historical landmarks. The old city, or Fez el-Bali, is a UNESCO World Heritage site with narrow, winding alleys, traditional souks, and iconic sites like the Bou Inania Madrasa and the Al-Attarine Madrasa.
Economy and Craftsmanship
Fez’s economy revolves around tourism, traditional craftsmanship, and education. The city is famous for its handicrafts, including pottery, leather goods, and textiles, produced in small workshops within the medina. These crafts are sought after by visitors, adding to Fez’s economy and cultural charm.
3. Marrakesh
Overview
Marrakesh, with a population of around 1 million, is Morocco’s third-largest city and a globally recognized destination. Located near the foothills of the Atlas Mountains, Marrakesh is known for its vibrant markets, historical architecture, and energetic atmosphere.
The Red City’s Heritage
Nicknamed the “Red City” due to the red sandstone used in its architecture, Marrakesh has a rich history dating back to its founding in 1070. The medina, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is filled with historic palaces, mosques, and gardens, such as the Koutoubia Mosque and the Saadian Tombs.
Tourism and Economy
Tourism is the main economic driver in Marrakesh, with attractions like Jemaa el-Fnaa square and the Majorelle Garden drawing millions of visitors each year. In addition to tourism, Marrakesh has a thriving handicraft industry, producing carpets, jewelry, and ceramics that are sold both locally and internationally.
4. Tangier
Overview
Tangier, with a population of over 950,000, is located on the northern coast of Morocco, where the Mediterranean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean. Known as the “Gateway to Africa,” Tangier has long been an international hub due to its strategic location near Europe.
International Influence
Tangier’s position made it a popular destination for international writers, artists, and intellectuals in the early 20th century, and the city became known for its multicultural atmosphere. The influence of various European, African, and Arab cultures is evident in Tangier’s architecture, cuisine, and lifestyle.
Trade and Tourism
Tangier’s economy is supported by trade, tourism, and industrial development. The Tanger-Med Port, one of the largest ports in Africa, connects Morocco with Europe and the world. The city’s cultural sites, such as the Kasbah Museum and the Caves of Hercules, attract tourists and contribute to the local economy.
5. Agadir
Overview
Agadir, with a population of around 600,000, is located along Morocco’s Atlantic coast and is known for its beautiful beaches, modern infrastructure, and tourism industry. After being devastated by an earthquake in 1960, Agadir was rebuilt with a modern layout, distinguishing it from Morocco’s more traditional cities.
Rebirth After Disaster
The 1960 earthquake destroyed most of Agadir, but it was quickly rebuilt as a modern coastal city with wide boulevards and modern amenities. This rebirth has helped Agadir establish itself as one of Morocco’s leading tourism destinations.
Tourism and Fishing
Tourism and fishing are the primary industries in Agadir. The city’s beaches and resorts attract domestic and international visitors, while its fishing port is one of the largest in the country. Agadir’s fishing industry also supports seafood exports, adding to its economic base.
6. Meknes
Overview
Meknes, with a population of approximately 500,000, is one of Morocco’s historic imperial cities. Located in northern Morocco, Meknes is known for its impressive architecture and nearby Roman ruins, making it a popular destination for history enthusiasts.
Imperial Heritage
Founded in the 11th century, Meknes reached its peak as a royal capital under Sultan Moulay Ismail in the 17th century. The city’s landmarks, such as the Bab Mansour gate, the Mausoleum of Moulay Ismail, and the Heri es-Souani granaries, reflect its past as a center of power.
Economy and Agriculture
Agriculture plays a significant role in Meknes’ economy, with the surrounding region producing olives, grapes, and wheat. Additionally, the city’s historical sites attract tourists, providing a boost to local businesses and services.
7. Oujda
Overview
Oujda, with a population of about 450,000, is located in northeastern Morocco near the Algerian border. Known for its proximity to the Mediterranean and the desert, Oujda serves as a commercial and cultural center in the region.
Cross-Border History
Oujda’s location near the Algerian border has influenced its history, serving as a trading and cultural link between Morocco and Algeria. The city’s architecture and cuisine reflect a blend of Moroccan and Algerian influences, making it a unique cultural hub.
Economy and Industry
The economy of Oujda is based on trade, agriculture, and industry. The nearby mines provide minerals such as lead and zinc, supporting the city’s economy. Oujda’s markets and its annual Rai music festival also contribute to the local economy and cultural vibrancy.
8. Kenitra
Overview
Kenitra, with a population of around 430,000, is an important port city located on the Sebou River in northwestern Morocco. Originally established as a military fort, Kenitra has developed into a significant industrial and agricultural center.
Development as a Port City
Kenitra was initially founded by the French as a military outpost and later transformed into a port city. Its strategic location on the Sebou River provides access to agricultural areas, which has contributed to its growth as a trade and transport hub.
Industry and Agriculture
Kenitra’s economy is supported by agriculture, automotive manufacturing, and trade. The city’s surrounding fertile lands allow for the cultivation of crops such as citrus fruits and olives. The city’s industrial sector has expanded in recent years, particularly in the automotive industry, creating job opportunities and fostering economic growth.
9. Tetouan
Overview
Tetouan, with a population of about 380,000, is located in northern Morocco near the Mediterranean coast. Known for its Spanish influences and picturesque medina, Tetouan has a unique cultural identity and is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Spanish Influence and Cultural Significance
Tetouan served as the capital of the Spanish protectorate in northern Morocco, resulting in a unique blend of Moroccan and Spanish architectural styles. The city’s medina is a UNESCO World Heritage site, noted for its whitewashed buildings and narrow alleyways.
Economy and Crafts
The economy of Tetouan is based on tourism, agriculture, and craftsmanship. Tetouan is renowned for its artisans who create intricate ceramics, textiles, and woodwork. The city’s proximity to the Mediterranean also supports agriculture, with nearby areas producing olives and citrus fruits.
10. Safi
Overview
Safi, with a population of approximately 350,000, is a coastal city in western Morocco known for its fishing industry, pottery, and phosphate exports. Safi’s strategic location on the Atlantic coast has made it an important port city with a rich history dating back to the Roman period.
Historical Roots
Safi has been inhabited since ancient times, with traces of Phoenician, Roman, and Portuguese influence. The city’s historical sites, including the Kechla fortress, showcase its past as an important maritime and military center.
Industry and Pottery
Safi’s economy is centered around fishing, phosphate processing, and pottery. The city’s fishing port is one of Morocco’s largest, providing seafood for both domestic consumption and export. Additionally, Safi is known for its unique pottery style, attracting tourists and supporting a vibrant local handicraft industry.
